Og‘zaki nutq

Speaking — imtihonchi bilan yoki yozib olinadigan formatdagi og‘zaki bo‘lim. U odatda bir necha qismdan iborat: shaxsiy savollar, berilgan mavzu bo‘yicha uzunroq monolog va mavhumroq mavzuda munozara; aniq tuzilma va vaqt rasmiy namunada (uzbmb.uz) beriladi. Baholashda mukammal grammatika emas, tushunarli, ravon va izchil fikr muhim. Ko‘pchilik bilganini gapira olmaydi, chunki hayajonlanadi yoki javobni qanday tuzishni bilmaydi. Bu darsda baholash mezonlari, har bir qism uchun javob qoliplari, foydali iboralar va mashq usullari tushuntiriladi.

§1. Baholash mezonlari

Odatda to‘rtta mezon baholanadi:

• Fluency and coherence (ravonlik va izchillik) — uzun pauzalarsiz gapirish, fikrlarni bog‘lovchilar bilan bog‘lash, mantiqiy tartib.
• Lexical resource (leksik boylik) — mavzuga mos va xilma-xil so‘zlar, iboralar, notanish so‘zni boshqacha tushuntira olish (parafraz).
• Grammatical range and accuracy (grammatik xilma-xillik va aniqlik) — oddiy va murakkab gaplar, turli zamonlar, shart gaplar, nisbiy gaplar.
• Pronunciation (talaffuz) — tushunarlilik, so‘z urg‘usi, intonatsiya. Aksent muammo emas — muhimi, sizni tushunishsin.

Mezonlardan kelib chiqadi: qisqa javob ravonlikni ko‘rsatmaydi; bir xil so‘zlar leksikani pasaytiradi; faqat oddiy gaplar grammatik xilma-xillikni ko‘rsatmaydi.

§2. 1-qism: shaxsiy savollar

Mavzular: o‘qish yoki ish, uy, oila, sevimli mashg‘ulot, shahar, ovqat, sayohat, kundalik tartib. Savollar oson, lekin bir so‘zli javob ball bermaydi.

• Do you like reading? → Yes, I do, especially historical novels. They help me relax after classes. Recently I reread "O‘tkan kunlar" and enjoyed it even more.

Rasm bo‘yicha savollarda tartib: umumiy tasvir (In this picture I can see…), tafsilotlar (In the foreground…, in the background…), taxmin (It looks like…, They might be…), shaxsiy munosabat (I’d love to be there because…).

Misol

Savol: What do you usually do at weekends?

1. To‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri javob: I usually spend my weekends with my family.
2. Sabab: because during the week I’m busy with my studies.
3. Misol: Last Saturday, for example, we went to Chorvoq and had a picnic by the lake.
4. Zamonlar aralashdi: Present Simple (odat) va Past Simple (misol) — grammatik xilma-xillik.
5. Javob: uch gapdan iborat, bog‘langan, misolli javob.

§3. 2-qism: monolog

Kartochkada mavzu va 3–4 yordamchi savol beriladi, tayyorlanishga qisqa vaqt ajratiladi.

1. Tayyorgarlikda to‘liq gaplar emas, kalit so‘zlar yozing — har savolga 2–3 tadan.
2. Kartochkadagi tartibda gapiring — bu tayyor reja.
3. Kirish: I’d like to talk about…; o‘tish: As for…, Another thing is…, The reason why…; yakun: So that’s why…, Overall….
4. O‘tgan voqea haqida — Past Simple va Past Continuous; tasvirlashda — sifatlar va his-tuyg‘ular.
5. Vaqt tugaguncha gapiring; imtihonchi to‘xtatsa, bu normal.

Misol

Describe a place in your city you like visiting.

1. Kalit so‘zlar: park — near home — weekends — fountains, trees — calm — walk with friends — escape from noise.
2. Kirish: I’d like to talk about a park which is just ten minutes from my home.
3. Qachon va kim bilan: I usually go there at weekends with my friends.
4. Tasvir: There are fountains and old trees, so even in summer it’s cool.
5. Yakun (nega yoqadi): What I like most is that it’s really calm, so it’s a perfect escape from the noise of the city.

§4. 3-qism: munozara

Savollar umumiy va mavhum: Why do young people prefer online shopping? How will technology change education? Bu yerda shaxsiy tajriba emas, jamiyat haqida fikr kutiladi.

• Taxmin va umumlashtirish: I suppose…, It depends on…, Generally speaking…, In the long run….
• Taqqoslash: Compared to the past…, whereas…, On the other hand….
• Faraz: If schools used more technology, students would… (Second Conditional).

Misol

Savol: Do you think people read fewer books nowadays?

1. Pozitsiya: I think it depends on what we mean by reading.
2. Sabab: People probably read fewer paper books because they spend more time on their phones.
3. Misol: For example, many of my friends read news and articles online every day.
4. Boshqa nuqtai nazar: On the other hand, e-books and audiobooks have made reading more accessible.
5. Xulosa: So overall, people still read, but in different ways.

§5. Qiyin vaziyatlar va foydali iboralar

• Savolni tushunmasangiz: Could you repeat the question, please? — bu ball tushirmaydi.
• O‘ylash uchun vaqt: That’s an interesting question. Let me think…, Well, I’ve never really thought about it, but….
• So‘zni bilmasangiz — tasvirlang (parafraz): It’s a kind of…, the thing you use to….
• Xato qilsangiz — tez tuzating va davom eting: I went… sorry, I’ve been there twice.
• Fikr bildirish: In my opinion…, As far as I’m concerned…, I strongly believe….

Talaffuz bo‘yicha maslahatlar. Talaffuzda eng muhimi — so‘z urg‘usi va gap ritmi. Ko‘p bo‘g‘inli so‘zlarda urg‘uni to‘g‘ri qo‘ying: PHOtograph, phoTOgraphy, photoGRAphic. Gapda muhim so‘zlarni (ot, fe’l, sifat) kuchliroq, yordamchi so‘zlarni (a, the, to, of) kuchsizroq ayting. Juda tez gapirish shart emas: o‘rtacha, bir tekis sur’at tushunarliroq. Ingliz tilida o‘zbek tilida yo‘q tovushlarga e’tibor bering: th (think, this), w va v farqi (west — vest), so‘z oxiridagi undoshlar (asked, months).

§6. Qanday mashq qilish kerak

• Har kuni 5 daqiqa ovozingizni yozib oling, keyin tinglab xatolarni toping.
• Telefon taymeri bilan 1–2 daqiqalik monolog qiling.
• Har bir mavzu uchun 10–15 ta foydali so‘z va ibora tayyorlang, lekin butun javobni yodlamang.
• Sherik bilan savol-javob mashq qiling: biri imtihonchi, biri talaba.
• Ingliz tilidagi podkast va videolardan iboralarni yozib oling va o‘z javoblaringizda ishlating.
• Imtihondan oldin bir necha marta to‘liq sinov o‘tkazing: barcha qismlarni ketma-ket, vaqt bilan, yozib olib bajaring va keyin to‘rtta mezon bo‘yicha o‘zingizni baholang.
• Har bir yozuvdan keyin bitta aniq maqsad qo‘ying: masalan, keyingi safar kamroq pauza qilish yoki uchta yangi bog‘lovchi ishlatish.

O‘zingizni tekshiring

1. 1-qismdagi javob formulasi qanday?

2. 2-qism tayyorgarligida nima yoziladi: to‘liq gaplar yoki kalit so‘zlar?

3. Savolni tushunmadingiz. Qaysi iborani aytasiz?

4. 3-qismda qaysi ibora taxminni bildiradi: I suppose yoki Definitely?

5. Aksent bahoni pasaytiradimi?

6. So‘z esdan chiqsa, uni boshqa so‘zlar bilan tushuntirish nima deyiladi?

7. Speaking’dagi qaysi mezon zamonlar va gap turlarining xilma-xilligini baholaydi?

8. Rasmni tasvirlashda It looks like… qaysi bosqichga mos?

Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar

• Juda qisqa javoblar (Yes. / No.) — ravonlik ko‘rinmaydi.
• Yodlangan matnni aytish — imtihonchi buni sezadi va savolga mos kelmaydi.
• Uzoq jimlik — to‘ldiruvchi iboralardan foydalaning.
• Monologda mavzudan chetga chiqish.
• Bir xil so‘zlarni takrorlash (good, nice, interesting) — sinonimlar ishlating.
• Faqat Present Simple’da gapirish — o‘tmish, kelajak va shart gaplarini qo‘shing.